PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUES OF WORKING WITH DREAMS

Abstract

Dreams as a phenomenon of the psyche from the standpoint of psychoanalytic and Gestalt approaches, analyzing the contribution of outstanding representatives of both directions: Z. Freud, K. Jung, C. Rycroft and N. Kleitman are examined in the article. Dreams are considered as an important inner world that reflects unconscious desires and conflicts. It is noted that the psychoanalytical approach defines dreams as fragmentary, irrational and confused reflections of the unconscious. The psychological characteristics of the diagnostic, compensatory, actualization and prognostic aspects in the interpretation of dreams are carried out. The main techniques used by psychotherapists in working with dreams are outlined, such as "First-person dream narration", "Antidream", "Existential awareness" and others. The results of a survey of psychotherapists indicate the popularity and effectiveness of techniques such as "First-person dream narration", "Anti-sleep" and "Existential awareness". Dreams are interpreted on different levels of meaning, such as somatic, traumatic and motivational. It is determined that dreams perform compensatory, diagnostic, prognostic and actualization functions. It is noted that their correct interpretation can enrich personal resources, provide important information and determine the direction of actions and attitudes towards oneself and the surrounding world. Dreams not only reflect the inner world, but also have the potential for self-discovery and self-exploration, contributing to the development of the individual.