PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSONALITY OF A POLITICAL LEADER IN DIFFERENT SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

The article analyzes individual psychological traits of political leaders that enable political professional activity and the consolidation of society around their person, as well as the influence of the types of their reactions to social challenges. A theoretical study of the manifestation of the personal psychological characteristics of politicians and their retransmissions in public activity, manifested through the prism of the socio-cultural environment, was carried out. An analysis of the peculiarities of socio-cultural regions, their differences in attitude to social changes in the political sphere was also carried out. This phenomenon is considered as the result of the functioning of the manifestation of individual psychological characteristics by the leader, because the traditions of society, first of all, affect what a political leader will be like as a person, and how these individual traits will be manifested in the context of his social responsibility. Particular attention is paid to the personality of authoritarian leaders, this type of personality is interesting from the point of view of psychology, due to the fact that it embodies not just the cultural traditions and rules of the political culture of one or another region, but is a set of individual characteristics that clearly formed against the background of certain social upheavals. A model of developed leadership qualities, which should be inherent in a political leader, is proposed. Political activity is specific, because it represents the presence of a politician’s special individual accentuations of character. Also, the leader’s personality is important, first of all, due to the peculiarity of this status, which determines certain duties for him, narrowly directed activity based on the ability to understand the needs of society, certain of its strata. Leadership is impossible without society, given the fact that in every society there is necessarily a leader who embodies a high level of social responsibility, and is also perceived by society as a set of certain traits that he must possess. This principle is explained by the collective unconscious, which is understood as the perception of the leader not as an individual with certain responsibilities, but as an archetype that is perceived by society.