THE AMBIVALENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON
Keywords:
individual ambivalence, structure and types of ambivalenceAbstract
The article examines and presents the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the individual’s ambivalence. The scientific-theoretical concepts and approaches to the study of the problem of ambivalence in Ukrainian and foreign psychology are analyzed. The greatest attention to the studies of ambivalence was paid by foreign scholars and their research were conditionally divided into three directions: psychoanalytic concepts, cognitive theories, and humanistic theories of personality. It is established that ambivalence is a characteristic feature that is manifested in the coexistence of opposing equivalent desires, feelings, thoughts and actions to an external or inner world that is phenomenologically fixed in the behavioral, motivational, affective and cognitive spheres of human life. Ambivalence can be considered on the following components: motivational (based on the socalled two-modality, its positive and negative construction in accordance with the need for affiliation, which is realized as a desire to accept, on the one hand, and as a fear of neglect – on the other), behavioral (which has the form of manifestation in the plane of internal struggle between benevolence and aggressiveness), affective and cognitive (the mind says one thing, and the heart suggests something different). The types of personality ambivalence, such as: schizoid, depressive, obsessive and hysterical, are found out. As a result of the empirical study it was found that high and average level of ambivalence prevails in the group of the respondents, which is best manifested in hyperthyroid, cyclotomic and emotional types of accentuation. Low levels of ambivalence is manifested in cyclotomic and exalted types of character accentuations. The following methods were used for the study: the characterological questionnaire by K. Leongard – G. Shmishek (for diagnostics of the person’s accentuation type and an indicator of accentuation); the method «Female (male) ambivalence» by T. M. Zelinska (to determine the level of ambivalence).
References
Брейлер Э. Аффективность внушение, паранойя / Э. Брейлер. – М.: Центр психологии культуры, 2001. – 208 с.
Маслоу А. Г. Дальние пределы человеческой психики / А. Г. Маслоу. – СПб.: Евразия, 1997. – 430 с.
Фрейд З. Психология бессознательного: сборник произведений / З. Фрейд; сост. М. Г. Ярошевский. – М.: Просвещение, 1989. – 448 с.
Михеева И. Н. Амбивалентность личности: морально-психологический аспект / И. Н. Михеева. – М.: Наука, 1991. – 128 с.
Зелінська Т. М. Амбівалентність особистості. Теорія, діагностика і психокорекція: навч. посібник / Т. М. Зелінська. – К.: Каравела, 2010. – 256 с.
Лук’яненко Т. Н. Психологічні особливості дискордантної амбівалентності особистості / Т. Н. Лук’яненко // Практична психологія та соціальна робота. – 2001. – № 1. – С. 25–26.
Риман Ф. Основные формы страха: исследование в области глубинной психологии / Ф. Риман; пер. с нем. Э. Л. Гушанский. – М.: Алетейя, 1998. – 336 с.
Собчик Л. Н. Введение в психологию индивидуальности / Л. Н. Собчик. – М.: Ин-т прикладной психологи, 1998. – 512 с.
Магомед-Эминов М. Ш. Трансформация личности / М. Ш. Магомед-Эминов. – М.: Психоаналитическая Ассоциация, 1998. – 496 с. 10. Леонгард К. Акцентуированые личности / К. Леонгард. – К.: Эксмо-Пресс, 2001. – 544 с.
