SOCIAL PROTECTION OF POPULATION: THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION

Abstract

This article analyzes the social protection in Ukraine and abroad. We examined the legal aspects of the social protection of the population of residents of our state. We reviewed the essence of the concept of «social protection» referring to the international instruments, acts of national legislation detected in the scientific and educational literature. This article explores the history of the formation of the Institute of Social Protection from ancient times to the present day. It was noted that despite the long period of time, we can note a significant number of gaps and deficiencies in the system of social protection in Ukraine. It mentions that one of the first documents, that aims was to protect widows and orphans, was published by king Hammurabi of Babylon as early as the 8th century BC. We paid special attention to the fact that the Social Security Institute firstly was manifested in the form of social insurance, and after was widespread in other forms. In this article was mentioned that the first social security institutions functioned in ancient times in ancient Rome. It analyzes the development of social security in Europe. It is noted that in Ukraine, the social security system formed and evolved since the II century BC. This article based on analysis of the phases of development of social protection and we identified five phases. Phase I – the lack of a systematic regulatory system of social protection. Phase II – the significant contribution of the princes of Kiev and the beginning of formation of the pension system. Phase III – the opening of health facilities, shelters for orphans, homeless and payment of pensions for the elderly and disabled. Phase IV – the development of the state social insurance. Phase V – the formation of modern system of social protection. In this article was determined the causes that must be overcome to achieve the efficiency of social protection.