Scientific Journal of Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. Psychology

THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERSONNEL OF AN OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

Olena Vavryniv — 2025-06-26

The article reveals a topical scientific and practical problem – the need for psychodiagnostic support of personnel management in institutions of extracurricular education. It is substantiated that the modern educational environment requires managers not only administrative competence, but also the ability to psychologically analyze the state, resources, communicative dynamics and motivational characteristics of the team. In order to systematize the research, a vector model of psychological analysis of personnel is proposed, which is based on the study of six key areas: personal characteristics of employees, interpersonal climate, symptoms of professional burnout, level of resilience and stress resistance, motivation structure, and styles of managerial behavior. For each vector, psychological indicators that require study are determined, and expected results are formulated that can be practically used in the process of personnel management, decision-making and the formation of a favorable psychological environment in the institution.The need to adapt research strategies and diagnostic tools to the specifics of extracurricular education is emphasized, where the activity has a clearly expressed creative, socially oriented and interdisciplinary character.It is emphasized that effective management in conditions of instability, reforms and increased professional risks is possible only if there is objective psychological data on the potential, problem areas and resources of personnel.Psychodiagnostics in this case acts not only as a research tool, but also as a component of modern educational management.It is generalized that psychodiagnostic research of managerial activity allows not only to increase the effectiveness of management, but also to create conditions for professional growth, prevention of emotional burnout, optimization of communicative interaction and improvement of the quality of educational services. The proposed structure can serve as a basis for further empirical research and practical implementation in the managerial activities of extracurricular education institutions.

STRUCTURAL MECHANISMS OF ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIP WITH WAR

Halyna Katolyk — 2025-06-26

War has always left a deep mark on people’s consciousness, affecting their mental health and worldview.The stories of past war events that we heard from our grandparents seemed distant and unreal, but today these stories have become our reality. The full-scale war, now in its third year, has forced us to rethink our attitude towards the psychological consequences of war, both past and present.In this article, we will examine how war affects people’s mental state, which mechanisms of mobilizing internal resources are activated in response to tragic events, and how new phenomena of perception and attitudes are formed under the influence of military actions. We will also explore how current events change our attitude towards violence, conflict, and the role of the enemy, and how these changes affect our perception of our homeland. We will consider how national identity and patriotism can be strengthened or transformed under the influence of external threats and internal resilience. These studies allow for a better understanding of how society adapts to new realities and what psychological strategies help people survive and continue to develop even in the most difficult conditions.The relevance of this article is not only due to the need to understand the psychological consequences of war but also to develop effective psychological support strategies for those affected by military actions. In the context of military aggression, brutal bombings, and the destruction of the usual way of life, the issue of mental health becomes extremely important for maintaining social stability and post-war recovery.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF PERFECTIONISM AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON

Zoriana Kisil — 2025-06-26

The article carries out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon “perfectionism” in historical retrospect. It is noted that the phenomenon of «perfectionism» has a significant impact on various aspects of an individual’s life, including psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships, and professional actions.It is noted that perfectionism is characterized by both ordinary adaptive functioning and actual maladaptation of the individual.It is noted that perfectionism can sometimes actually be both a driving force of distraction and a determinant of danger to mental health, which leads to stress, anxiety and depressive dissonances. The historiography of the evolution of the phenomenon of perfectionism provides the potential to trace changes in judgments about perfection in different eras and areas of science. This approach provides an opportunity to reveal a certain logic in the change of social values and standards and their impact on the mental health and self-realization of the individual.The article analyzes scientific approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon of perfectionism in the field of theology, philosophy, and psychology.It is posited that the phenomenon of perfectionism is an all-encompassing, cross-cultural phenomenon that exists outside of time and space, which manifests itself in all spheres and at all levels of an individual’s social life and is one of the regulators of public behavior. Attention is focused precisely on the social aspect of the phenomenon of perfectionism, since its modus is extremely dependent on the imagination about it, which manifests itself in social logical thinking and public subjects integrated into the fabric of the world: prevailing in society, the discussion about the phenomenon of «perfectionism» inflicts sanctioned symbolic violence on those who are in the sphere of influence of the phenomenon of “perfectionism”. Emphasis is placed on the ambivalence, pathology, non-dialogic nature of the phenomenon of “perfectionism” and its converse, and its indicators are revealed.The main varieties of the phenomenon of “perfectionism” were analyzed and it was established that their pathological and conflictual discourses unfold around issues that are relevant for public subjects, which symbolize “right and wrong”, they are characterized by an evaluative nature, and the confrontation of these discussions leads to the phenomenon of “conflict of interests”.The concept of “perfectionism” is outlined, it is posited that the phenomenon of “perfectionism” is characterized by a multidimensionality of formation and a complex level of architecture, along with high individual standards, it actually has a number of both cognitive and interpersonal parameters.

PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION AND RESTORATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF FORCE STRUCTURE SPECIALISTS

Zoriana Kovalchuk — 2025-06-26

In the article, the author reveals the essence of psychological rehabilitation and restoration of professional activity of law enforcement specialists. She notes that the process of psychological rehabilitation and restoration of professional activity of law enforcement specialists is complex and multifaceted, and therefore includes a number of stages and methods that contribute not only to physical, but also to psychological recovery.These stages include an assessment of the psychological state, which allows determining whether he has signs of psycho-emotional disorders (PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders, burnout syndrome), psychotherapeutic intervention (individual or group therapy), physical recovery (exercise and restoration of physical endurance), reintegration into professional activity (return to work, employee support, mentoring and accompaniment), psychological support in everyday life (family support, social programs and support groups), psychological adaptation (self-development, increasing self-esteem), monitoring and correction of the rehabilitation process in order to avoid recurrence of psychological problems. Resocialization and rehabilitation of military personnel are based on principles and scientifically based approaches to restoring the psychological, physical and social state of military personnel after service or combat operations, including: comprehensiveness, individual approach, stages, accessibility, multidisciplinary, active participation of the military personnel, family-oriented approach, social integration, psychoeducation, legal protection. Resistance to these principles will allow for the successful return of military personnel to active life, restoration of their psycho-emotional balance and inclusion in society.Given the relevance of the topic, further research should be aimed at creating effective rehabilitation models that combine medical-psychological, social and professional aspects.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SCIENCE TO THE FORMATION OF CORPORATE CULTURE AS A MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR ENSURING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE IN CONDITIONS OF THREATS

Zoriana Kovalchuk — 2025-06-26

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of corporate culture as an effective management mechanism for ensuring the socio-economic security of an enterprise in conditions of threats. The paper considers the main conceptual approaches used in scientific research and management practice to form corporate culture as a stable tool for increasing the resilience of enterprises to socio-economic and crisis challenges. Particular attention is paid to the value, systemic, motivational, communication, psychological, innovative and socially responsible approaches, which are important for creating a harmonious working environment, personnel development, maintaining stability and socio-economic security of the enterprise in conditions of external and internal threats. The value approach emphasizes the importance of the unity of corporate values, which contributes to strengthening trust and cohesion of the team. The systemic approach analyzes the relationships between corporate culture and the enterprise’s development strategy. The motivational approach focuses on the need to form effective employee motivation systems to maintain high performance. The communication approach emphasizes the importance of internal and external communication to create transparency and avoid conflicts. The psychological approach determines the importance of emotional well-being of employees for the stability of the organization, and the innovative approach allows the introduction of modern technologies for the development of corporate culture.The socially responsible approach contributes to the formation of a positive image of the enterprise through social initiatives and involvement in charitable and environmental projects. As a result, the integration of these approaches into the process of forming corporate culture allows not only to increase the socio-economic security of the enterprise, but also to ensure the stability of its development in periods of crises and threats. The article emphasizes the importance of the comprehensive application of these approaches to achieve high management efficiency and stability of the enterprise in a changing external environment.

PERFECTIONISM AS A PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF A SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL WORKER

Nataliia Machynska — 2025-06-26

The article examines the signs of perfectionism – a personal characteristic of a scientific and pedagogical worker. Based on theoretical analysis, the author distinguishes destructive and constructive forms of manifestation of perfectionism. Thus, it is noted that the constructive signs of perfectionism are manifested through the adequate aspiration of a specialist to high professional standards, indicate a high degree of adaptability, and characterize qualitative indicators of individual personality development.It is emphasized that destructive signs of perfectionism are largely observed in professional and pedagogical activities due to a tense emotional state, increased cognitive activity, overtime professional activity, etc.It is noted that perfectionism is closely related to the ideas of acmeology – the science of personal and professional development of an individual, the desire to achieve perfection in various spheres of life. The author draws a parallel between perfectionism, personal growth and the need for self-realization of scientific and pedagogical workers in the conditions of a higher education institution. The components (self-focus, others) and causes of perfectionism (situational and personal anxiety) are identified, and the social origin of perfectionism is defined.The article focuses on subjectivity – the internal quality of a scientific and pedagogical worker, and highlights its characteristic features. The author proposed the results and analysis of the conducted research based on the multidimensional scale of R. Frost. It was emphasized that perfectionism – as an individual characteristic of a person – is laid and develops in the preschool period of human development. It was revealed that the family environment in which the child’s personality was formed has a significant impact on the formation of perfectionism.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GENDER EQUALITY FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND WAR

Olena Rudinska — 2025-06-26

The article is devoted to the analysis of the psychological aspects of the formation of gender equality in the context of social transformation and war. Under conditions of profound social change and military challenges, traditional gender roles undergo significant re-evaluation, which has both psychological and social consequences.The main theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of gender socialization are considered, in particular the biopsychological, socio-cognitive, and cultural-historical perspectives. The article analyzes how war influences the transformation of traditional perceptions of male and female roles, disrupts established stereotypes, and contributes to the emergence of new models of gender behavior. The socio-psychological factors influencing changes in gender perceptions are identified, among which the role of the media, the education system, and public initiatives is emphasized. It is shown how public narratives about women leaders, servicewomen, and activists, as well as the depiction of men’s emotional vulnerability, affect public consciousness and promote the overcoming of traditional gender stereotypes.Special attention is paid to the psychological barriers to achieving genuine gender equality, including gender stereotypes, implicit biases, the «glass ceiling» effect, and gender fatigue phenomenon. The article highlights the necessity of profound psychological reflection, the development of critical thinking, and the implementation of psychological practices to overcome both internal and external restrictions. The role of gender-sensitive counseling, emotional intelligence development, and psychoeducation is analyzed as effective tools for supporting gender equality under conditions of social turbulence. It is concluded that the formation of gender equality is not only the result of legal changes but primarily a process of psychological transformation of the individual and collective consciousness. The article emphasizes the crucial role of psychology as a science and practice in shaping a more just, inclusive, and humane society. The article also outlines promising directions for further psychological research on gender equality in the context of post-traumatic societal adaptation and the institutional support of gender-sensitive practices.

COMPARISON OF THE INFLUENCE OF “POSITIVE CLIMATE” ON INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN A STUDENT GROUP AND IN A FLOCK OF ANIMALS

Viacyeslav Tashmatov — 2025-06-26

The article presents an interdisciplinary comparative analysis of the impact of a positive social climate on interpersonal relationships in student groups and in the behavioural structures of social animals. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the formation of cohesive, effective and sustainable social communities among both humans and animals. A positive social climate, manifested through trust, mutual support, empathy, emotional acceptance, and psychological safety, is the basis for effective communication and cooperation in social groups.The first part of the article outlines the conceptual apparatus, presents a classification of the characteristics of a positive climate, and describes its impact on interaction in teams. It is established that in student groups, a positive social climate is formed through conscious actions – compliance with behavioural norms, acceptance of leadership, development of empathy and emotional intelligence. In contrast, in animal groups (flocks, herds, colonies), a positive climate is based on biological mechanisms: survival instincts, territoriality, dominance, and the innate need for protection and care.The paper presents examples of cooperative behaviour of animals, which indicate the presence of prototypes of social climate – care for offspring, coordinated actions during migrations, collective hunting, reduction of conflict through the established hierarchy. A comparative analysis of the mechanisms of forming and maintaining a positive climate in two social systems is carried out. Both common features – the need for security, mutual regulation of behaviour, support – and differences related to rationality, consciousness, and moral norms in human collectives as opposed to instinctiveness in animals are identified.The author draws conclusions about the theoretical and practical significance of the study for the development of social and legal psychology, in particular, in the context of optimising relationships in educational and professional communities, as well as for the formation of a more harmonious social environment.

THE MEANING OF ADAPTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STUDENT MODEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS UNDER MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE

Olha Uhryn — 2025-06-26

The article is dedicated to studying the adaptation process of students under martial law in Ukraine.The authors examine how military actions and the crisis situation affect students’ ability to adapt to new conditions of learning and life. In a wartime context, student adaptation involves not only integration into the academic environment but also maintaining emotional stability, overcoming stressful situations, and effectively managing time, especially in the context of online education.The research shows that important aspects of adaptation include psychological support for students, the organization of self-help groups, and access to online resources. It also addresses challenges related to unstable access to learning materials, power outages, and internet connection issues, as well as the need to combine studies with volunteer activities or assisting families. Special attention is given to the social and psychological aspects of adaptation, particularly the importance of support from the teaching staff and creating conditions to maintain motivation for learning. Despite these difficulties, the student community demonstrates considerable resilience and adaptability, actively engaging in social initiatives that contribute not only to preserving the scientific and cultural potential of the country but also to improving the morale of society. The article also emphasizes the importance of support from universities and the government in ensuring successful student adaptation and preserving their potential during wartime.The article also discusses the role of modern technologies in supporting students’ adaptation, particularly the use of digital platforms for learning and communication. Attention is given to methods of organizing online learning that allow students to remain engaged and maintain productivity under restrictions. Furthermore, the possibilities for students to participate in projects aimed at supporting those affected by the war are analyzed, helping them preserve a sense of significance and purpose. The article also offers recommendations for improving conditions for students in wartime, particularly through enhancing psychological support and adaptation programs at the university level.

FASHION AND STYLE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

Valentyna Khabaylyuk — 2025-06-26

The article reveals the role of fashion and personal style in communicative interaction; the significance of various elements of a person’s appearance design in non-verbal communicative activity is investigated. An analysis of scientific research on the relationship between a person’s appearance and their value orientations, life beliefs, and socio-cultural self-identification is conducted. Fashion and personal style reflect a person’s conscious and unconscious motives, include various aspects of individual self-expression, and act as a means of self-presentation of the individual in various situations throughout life.Modern fashion forms its own socio-cultural and symbolic space, where people interact with the help of a personal image and its individual elements. Fashion reflects the spiritual, socio-economic and technological development of society. The psychological functions of clothing, various elements of appearance are becoming very important for self-realization and communication in a global society. Digital fashion opens up new opportunities for creativity, communication, aesthetic and emotional presentation of one’s image in the online space.Features of appearance design, choice of clothing components and accessories, their specific combination by a person in different situations are of great importance in the perception of communication partners of each other and mutual interpretation of the intentions of the interlocutor. The semantic load of various elements of appearance affects a person’s well-being, perception of their place in society and affects the course of communicative activity in various spheres of life. Social events and our attitude to them to a greater or lesser extent affect fashionable behaviour. Changes in appearance and clothing styles are consciously or unconsciously connected to internal changes that other people also notice. Thus, the style of appearance of a particular person acts as one of the ways of self-disclosure, transmission of identity, social position and emotionally-valuable context of interaction. Visual elements cause a certain emotional reaction, ensure rapid transmission of the message and form a stable lasting impression of the image bearer.

FEARS IN CHILDREN WITH ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES: AGE-RELATED FEATURES AND PSYCHOCONSULTATION ASSISTANCE

Roman Yaremko — 2025-06-26

The article examines the psychological features of experiencing fears in adolescent children with oncohematological diseases, taking into account age characteristics and possibilities of psychological counseling.Attention is focused on the fact that oncological disease for a child is not only a medical, but also a deeply emotional and personal experience, in which fear plays a key role. The main types of fears characteristic of children undergoing treatment in an oncohematological hospital are identified: fear of pain, death, disability, isolation, loss of parental love and social rejection. The specifics of the manifestations of these fears at the verbal and non-verbal levels, as well as their impact on the psycho-emotional state of the child, are analyzed.Special attention is paid to revealing the age-related features of emotional reactions to illness. It has been established that in preschool age, bodily-affective reactions dominate, while in junior school age there is a need for cognitive explanation of the situation, and in adolescence – the number of existential fears and questions related to the future, self-perception and freedom increases. Age psychology allows for a deeper understanding of how children of different ages experience anxiety and traumatic events, which is the basis for developing effective psychocorrectional interventions. Within the framework of psychological counseling, the possibilities of using adaptive, resource-oriented methods that meet the age and emotional needs of the child are outlined. Among them: play therapy, fairy tale therapy, art therapy, narrative counseling, stabilization and emotional regulation techniques. The role of the counselor as a mediator between the child, his family and medical staff is emphasized, as well as as a specialist who helps reduce the level of distress and promotes the formation of trust, subjective control and hope. The article emphasizes that psychological assistance should be individualized, dynamic and sensitive to the context of the disease. It is concluded that the combination of knowledge of age psychology and counseling technologies is an important condition for providing high-quality psycho-emotional support to children facing oncological pathology. This allows you to maintain mental integrity, improve the quality of life and promote the child’s successful adaptation in conditions of long-term treatment.

FEATURES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF LEADERS OF ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL GROUPS

Marko Yaremchyshyn — 2025-06-26

Leadership is an aspect that is an important part of every society and requires leaders to have certain developed personal qualities. The development of both the state and the socio-cultural environment as a whole, as well as the individual groups that inhabit such environments, depends on the leader’s awareness of the consequences of his or her decisions. In general, there are many socio-cultural environments on earth, the peculiarities of existence and development of which depend on the region and groups belonging to a particular social environment. The very concept of socio-cultural environment includes many aspects, ranging from cultural peculiarities to social norms and standards of coexistence of people in it. An important role will always be played by the personality of a leader who is a group leader and a social reference point, in the context of an individual’s arbitrary choice of lifestyle to unconditional imitation and faith in a person, his or her public image, who is capable of being socially significant, by his or her own choice to establish himself or herself as a “leader” in society.Usually, such people have certain personal qualities that help them to establish themselves as a leader by analyzing the expectations and needs of society. After all, one can only defend one’s leadership position if the group perceives a person who can truly meet this status. In general, the importance of the phenomenon of leadership in society and culture is especially acute in the case of encroachments on the culture and socially acceptable foundations of a particular socio-cultural environment, as such moments are objectively perceived as existentially threatening to a comfortable existence. It is in such cases that social mobilization of groups around countering the threat takes place. Since people are social beings, it will be difficult to meet the needs of the socio-cultural space as an important component of the group’s life without a clear hierarchy. It is then that the leader must be particularly aware of trends in needs and expectations in order to become a key link in the life of culture and society.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS IN THE CONTEXT OF VARIOUS SOCIAL TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

Мarko Yaremchyshyn — 2025-06-26

Today’s dynamic world requires the development of ongoing scientific consideration of issues related to improving the understanding of human behavior and the individual’s experience of certain situations that result in the deterioration of mental health and the development of mental disorders. One of the biggest current issues is stress and the causal relationship between its formation, experience, potential negative consequences and situational mental disorders caused by the adaptation syndrome. The modern world creates more and more reasons for an individual to experience and be disturbed. Especially when it comes to the latest social trends in development and existence, new life challenges, the primary cause of which is the change in political trends, socio-cultural changes. In general, the 21st century is primarily an era of digitalization, universal access to any information and comprehensive involvement in the online space, which in turn can increasingly affect a person when it comes to stress. A feature of the human body and psyche is the ability to adapt, which helps to improve the mental and physical state of a person at a given moment. Currently, the development of scientific views on stress is the most urgent need for Ukrainians, because we live in a unique situation, a full-scale war on our territory, as it would seem, could not happen. Stressors may be the most critical for the disruption of the human psyche, as their result will be a change in the psycho-emotional state of a person. Such factors can be quite diverse, regardless of how much an individual is involved in their context and how long he or she has been in it. The article will analyze stressors and their impact on the psycho-emotional state of a person, as the constant analysis of these issues contributes to the return of the relevance of the topic of stress in scientific discussion, in order to develop an understanding of the global and Ukrainian contexts of the cause and effect relationships of the formation and development of stress in the context of various social trends and constant challenges.